September 9, 1898

These lines from Mallarme's "Autumn Plaint", were translated by A. S. Kline. They are included here for their feline theme, and in a format which may distort the author's intent:

.....I have always loved solitude. How many long days
I have passed alone with my cat. By alone I mean without a material
being, and my cat is a mystic companion, a spirit. I can say then that
I have passed long days alone with my cat and alone with one of the
last authors of the Roman decadence; for since the white creature is
no more I have loved, uniquely and strangely, everything summed up
in the word: fall. ....

Stephane Mallarme (March 18, 1842 to September 9, 1898) was, we read, at poets.org,

"Born... in Paris,.. the son of Numa Mallarmé, a civil servant, and Elisabeth Desmolins.

Mallarmé did not follow his father’s or grandfather’s path of civil servitude, instead excelling at languages and writing often, influenced by poets Victor Hugo and Charles Baudelaire. Mallarmé received his baccalaureate in 1860 and went on to publish his first poem “Placet” in the French magazine Le Papillon in 1862. He pursued further studies in London to improve his knowledge of English. In 1863, he married German governess Christina “Maria” Gerhard and obtained his certificate for teaching English. He and Maria traveled to Tournon where he taught in a provincial secondary school. In 1864, Maria gave birth to their daughter, Genevieve. Mallarmé‘s teaching career took him to Besancon, Avignon, and back to Paris again until he retired in 1893.

One of Mallarmé‘s most well-known poems, L’Aprés Midi D’un Faun (The Afternoon of a Faun) (1865), inspired Debussy’s tone poem (1894) of the same name and was illustrated by Edouard Manet. Among his other works are Hérodiade(1896) and Toast Funèbre (A Funeral Toast), which was written in memory of the author Théopile Gautier. Mallarmé‘s later works include the experimental poem Un Coup de Dés (1914), published posthumously.

Besides his own writings, Mallarmé was well-known for his Tuesday evening salons at his home on the Rue de Rome in Paris. These gatherings were a hub of Parisian intellectual life and attracted the likes of writers André Gide, Paul Valéry, Oscar Wilde, Paul Verlaine, Rainer Maria Rilke, and W.B. Yeats, the painters Renoir, Monet, Degas, Redon, and Whistler, and the sculptor Rodin, among others. Those who attended became known as Les Mardistes, derived from the French word for Tuesday.

In the 1880s, Mallarmé was at the center of a group of French writers In the 1880s, Mallarmé was at the center of a group of French writers including Andre Gide, Paul Valéry and Marcel Proust. Mallarmé referred to their group as The Decadents, a comment on their bohemian lifestyles. He and Valéry, following Baudelaire, would later become known as two of the leaders of the Symbolist movement in poetry. While French poetry had traditionally held fairly strict conventions of rhyme, meter and theme, Mallarmé and his contemporaries departed from these traditions, employing condensed figures and unorthodox syntax. Mallarmé‘s work was often termed as difficult or obscure. ......."

Mallarme translated Poe's The Raven, (1875), (for which Edouard Manet did the  illustrations).  In the latter part of his career Mallarme, in works like  Un Coup de Des, "explored the relationship between content and form, between the text and the arrangement of words and spaces on the page." These details bookend the argument that Mallarme was the father of modern literature.